A-Level · Edexcel 9MA0 · free step-by-step lesson, every question with its answer and the reason behind itบทเรียนฟรีทีละขั้น ทุกข้อมีเฉลยและเหตุผลกำกับ
Know · formula · substitute · work it outจดสิ่งที่รู้ · สูตร · แทนค่า · คิด
Answer: P(C = c) = 1/9 for c = 0 to 8 · P(C under 4) = 4/9 (0.444); Not a good model (0.315 is far below 4/9) · cloud cover varies by month and place, so use a non-uniform modelคำตอบ: P(C = c) = 1/9 for c = 0 to 8 · P(C under 4) = 4/9 (0.444); Not a good model (0.315 is far below 4/9) · cloud cover varies by month and place, so use a non-uniform model
1(a)(b) Uniform model for cloud cover1(a)(b) โมเดล uniform ของเมฆ
Helen suggests that $C$, the daily cloud cover in the large data set, follows a discrete uniform distribution.
(a)(b) Under this model, write down the probability distribution of $C$. Then use the model to work out the chance that a day has cloud cover below $50\%$. [3]
1(c)(d) Test and refine the model1(c)(d) ตรวจโมเดล แล้วปรับปรุง
Helen suggests that $C$, the daily cloud cover in the large data set, follows a discrete uniform distribution.
(c)(d) Helen then checked every day of the 2015 Hurn data: the share of days with cloud cover below $50\%$ was $0.315$. Her model gave $\dfrac49\approx0.444$ for the same share (part (b)). Say how well her model fits this, and suggest one way to improve it. [2]
Answer: Daily Total Rainfall (Daily Mean Windspeed is also accepted); mean 15.2 °C · s.d. 3.34 °C; Octoberคำตอบ: Daily Total Rainfall (Daily Mean Windspeed is also accepted); mean 15.2 °C · s.d. 3.34 °C; October
2(a) Which variable was it?2(a) ตัวแปรไหนกันแน่
Ming uses the 2015 Perth data from the large data set. He wanted summary statistics for Daily Mean Air Temperature, $x$ °C, but picked the wrong variable by mistake. The wrong variable has mean $5.3$ and standard deviation $12.4$.
(a) Use what you know about the large data set to say which variable he picked by mistake. [1]
2(b) Mean and s.d. from sums2(b) ค่าเฉลี่ยและ SD จากผลรวม
Ming uses the 2015 Perth data from the large data set. He wanted summary statistics for Daily Mean Air Temperature, $x$ °C, but picked the wrong variable by mistake. The wrong variable has mean $5.3$ and standard deviation $12.4$.
(b) For the correct variable, $n=184$, $\sum x=2801.2$ and $\sum x^2=44\,695.4$. Work out its mean and its standard deviation. [3]
2(c) Which month fits?2(c) เดือนไหนที่เข้าได้
Ming uses the 2015 Perth data from the large data set. He wanted summary statistics for Daily Mean Air Temperature, $x$ °C, but picked the wrong variable by mistake. The wrong variable has mean $5.3$ and standard deviation $12.4$.
(c) One month of the Perth 2015 data has mean $19.4$ °C and standard deviation $2.83$ °C for Daily Mean Air Temperature. The mean over all $184$ days is $15.2$ °C (from part (b)). Suggest which month it could be, and give a reason. [2]
Answer: No (or weak) correlation · as pressure increases, temperature decreases; Any p from 990 to 1040 hPa (e.g. 1015) · Beaufort wind speed is qualitative (given in words)คำตอบ: No (or weak) correlation · as pressure increases, temperature decreases; Any p from 990 to 1040 hPa (e.g. 1015) · Beaufort wind speed is qualitative (given in words)
3(a)(b) Read the two scatter diagrams3(a)(b) อ่านแผนภาพกระจายสองรูป
Fred and Nadine look for a straight-line link between Daily Mean Pressure, $p$ hPa, and Daily Mean Air Temperature, $t$ °C, using the 2015 Beijing data from the large data set.
Fred plots one month chosen at random (Figure 1, horizontal scale left off): his points are scattered with no clear direction. Nadine plots every 2015 Beijing day on the same scales (Figure 2): her points run from the top left to the bottom right.
(a)(b) Name the correlation that Figure 1 shows. Then say, in context, what Nadine can conclude from Figure 2 about how $p$ and $t$ are related. [2]
3(c)(d) Use what the LDS holds3(c)(d) ใช้ความรู้เรื่อง LDS
Fred and Nadine look for a straight-line link between Daily Mean Pressure, $p$ hPa, and Daily Mean Air Temperature, $t$ °C, using the 2015 Beijing data from the large data set.
Fred plots one month chosen at random (Figure 1, horizontal scale left off): his points are scattered with no clear direction. Nadine plots every 2015 Beijing day on the same scales (Figure 2): her points run from the top left to the bottom right.
(c)(d) Use what you know about the large data set. (c) State a value of $p$ (in hPa) for which Figure 2 can be used to predict $t$ by interpolation. (d) Beijing’s Daily Mean Wind Speed (Beaufort Conversion) is also in the data: explain why a straight-line link between it and $t$ makes no sense. [2]
Answer: Q₁ 1.81, median 1.85, Q₃ 1.92 · whiskers from 1.72 to 2.00คำตอบ: Q₁ 1.81, median 1.85, Q₃ 1.92 · whiskers from 1.72 to 2.00
4 Draw the box plot to scale4 วาดบ็อกซ์พล็อตตามสเกล
A coach records the heights of some adult rugby players. The median is $1.85$ m, the range is $0.28$ m and the interquartile range is $0.11$ m. The shortest player is $1.72$ m tall, and $25\%$ of the players are shorter than $1.81$ m.
Draw a box-and-whisker plot of these heights on an axis from $1.60$ m to $2.10$ m. [4]
Answer: 0 to 500 m; Upper limit 5100 and 5300 is above it, so the point is an outlier; As humidity increases, visibility decreases · Daily Total Sunshine (hours)คำตอบ: 0 to 500 m; Upper limit 5100 and 5300 is above it, so the point is an outlier; As humidity increases, visibility decreases · Daily Total Sunshine (hours)
5(a) Meaning of a recorded 05(a) ความหมายของค่า 0
Jerry studies Daily Mean Visibility at Camborne in June 1987, from the large data set. Two of its rows: on 10/06/1987 the daily maximum relative humidity was $90\%$ and the visibility was $5300$; on 28/06/1987 they were $100\%$ and $0$. The table prints no unit for visibility.
(a) Visibility is recorded to the nearest $100$ (in the unit the table leaves out). Give, in metres, the range of distances that a recorded $0$ stands for. [1]
5(b) Show it is an outlier5(b) แสดงว่าเป็นค่าผิดปกติ
Jerry studies Daily Mean Visibility at Camborne in June 1987, from the large data set. Two of its rows: on 10/06/1987 the daily maximum relative humidity was $90\%$ and the visibility was $5300$; on 28/06/1987 they were $100\%$ and $0$. The table prints no unit for visibility.
(b) For June 1987 at Camborne, visibility has $Q_1=1100$ and $\text{IQR}=1600$; humidity has $Q_1=92$ and $\text{IQR}=8$. Jerry calls a value an outlier when it is more than $1.5\times\text{IQR}$ above $Q_3$, or more than $1.5\times\text{IQR}$ below $Q_1$. His scatter diagram (Figure 2) has the point with humidity $90\%$ and visibility $5300$ circled. Show that this point is an outlier for visibility. [2]
5(c)(d) Read the trend, name x5(c)(d) อ่านแนวโน้ม แล้วระบุตัวแปร x
Jerry studies Daily Mean Visibility at Camborne in June 1987, from the large data set. Two of its rows: on 10/06/1987 the daily maximum relative humidity was $90\%$ and the visibility was $5300$; on 28/06/1987 they were $100\%$ and $0$. The table prints no unit for visibility.
(c)(d) In Figure 2 the points run from the top left to the bottom right. Interpret this correlation between visibility and humidity. Figure 3 plots the same visibilities against a variable whose axis label is missing: its $x$-axis is marked from $2$ to $14$, and the $x$-values run from $0$ up to about $11$, not all whole numbers. Use what you know about the large data set to suggest which variable is on the $x$-axis. [2]
Answer: tr (trace) is not a number, so it must be converted first; 2.17 mm; 5.77 mm; The values are spread evenly across each class; Most days in the first class are 0 or tr, so the actual mean is smaller than the estimateคำตอบ: tr (trace) is not a number, so it must be converted first; 2.17 mm; 5.77 mm; The values are spread evenly across each class; Most days in the first class are 0 or tr, so the actual mean is smaller than the estimate
6(a) Why clean the data first?6(a) ทำไมต้องคลีนข้อมูลก่อน
Joshua studies Daily Total Rainfall at Hurn from May to October 2015 in the large data set, and wants its mean. He groups the days by rainfall $r$ mm, with frequency $f$ and class midpoint $x$ mm:
| rainfall r (mm) | f | x |
|---|---|---|
| 0 ≤ r < 0.5 | 121 | 0.25 |
| 0.5 ≤ r < 1.0 | 10 | 0.75 |
| 1.0 ≤ r < 5.0 | 24 | 3.0 |
| 5.0 ≤ r < 10.0 | 12 | 7.5 |
| 10.0 ≤ r < 30.0 | 17 | 20.0 |
6(b) Upper quartile by interpolation6(b) หา Q₃ ด้วยการเทียบสัดส่วน
Joshua studies Daily Total Rainfall at Hurn from May to October 2015 in the large data set, and wants its mean. He groups the days by rainfall $r$ mm, with frequency $f$ and class midpoint $x$ mm:
| rainfall r (mm) | f | x |
|---|---|---|
| 0 ≤ r < 0.5 | 121 | 0.25 |
| 0.5 ≤ r < 1.0 | 10 | 0.75 |
| 1.0 ≤ r < 5.0 | 24 | 3.0 |
| 5.0 ≤ r < 10.0 | 12 | 7.5 |
| 10.0 ≤ r < 30.0 | 17 | 20.0 |
6(c) Estimate the s.d.6(c) ประมาณ SD
Joshua studies Daily Total Rainfall at Hurn from May to October 2015 in the large data set, and wants its mean. He groups the days by rainfall $r$ mm, with frequency $f$ and class midpoint $x$ mm:
| rainfall r (mm) | f | x |
|---|---|---|
| 0 ≤ r < 0.5 | 121 | 0.25 |
| 0.5 ≤ r < 1.0 | 10 | 0.75 |
| 1.0 ≤ r < 5.0 | 24 | 3.0 |
| 5.0 ≤ r < 10.0 | 12 | 7.5 |
| 10.0 ≤ r < 30.0 | 17 | 20.0 |
6(d)(i) The midpoint assumption6(d)(i) สมมติฐานของจุดกึ่งกลาง
Joshua studies Daily Total Rainfall at Hurn from May to October 2015 in the large data set, and wants its mean. He groups the days by rainfall $r$ mm, with frequency $f$ and class midpoint $x$ mm:
| rainfall r (mm) | f | x |
|---|---|---|
| 0 ≤ r < 0.5 | 121 | 0.25 |
| 0.5 ≤ r < 1.0 | 10 | 0.75 |
| 1.0 ≤ r < 5.0 | 24 | 3.0 |
| 5.0 ≤ r < 10.0 | 12 | 7.5 |
| 10.0 ≤ r < 30.0 | 17 | 20.0 |
6(d)(ii)(iii) Is the midpoint fair here?6(d)(ii)(iii) ใช้จุดกึ่งกลางได้จริงไหม
Joshua studies Daily Total Rainfall at Hurn from May to October 2015 in the large data set, and wants its mean. He groups the days by rainfall $r$ mm, with frequency $f$ and class midpoint $x$ mm:
| rainfall r (mm) | f | x |
|---|---|---|
| 0 ≤ r < 0.5 | 121 | 0.25 |
| 0.5 ≤ r < 1.0 | 10 | 0.75 |
| 1.0 ≤ r < 5.0 | 24 | 3.0 |
| 5.0 ≤ r < 10.0 | 12 | 7.5 |
| 10.0 ≤ r < 30.0 | 17 | 20.0 |
Same method, new numbers. Write what you know first.วิธีเดิม ตัวเลขใหม่ · จดสิ่งที่รู้ก่อน
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